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Older staff are more productive than their younger colleagues, say researchers.
有研究显示，与年轻的员工相比，年长的员工的工作效率更高。
More mature members of staff may be weaker and less agile than their junior counterparts, but they more than compensate with their greater experience, ability to work in teams, and success at coping when things go wrong.
更加成熟的员工在反应的敏捷度上可能弱于资历浅的年轻员工，但他们丰富的经验却弥补了这一点，这点在与团队的合作上，以及在处理工作发生错误时表现得尤为明显。
The researchers say: ‘While older workers make more errors, perhaps due to declining physical attributes, they hardly make any severe errors, perhaps due to more experience.
研究者说：“尽管年长的员工或许会犯更多的错误，这也许是与他们体能下降有关，但他们却很少犯错，这又与他们丰富的工作经验不无关系。”
‘It is experience that prevents severe errors.’
“正是工作经验防止了错误的发生。”
The scientists who studied production lines at a Mercedes-Benz truck factory in southern Germany also found that younger, more highly educated workers were less productive than those who had fewer qualifications – perhaps because the educated workers got bored more easily.
科学家们在位于德国南部的奔驰汽车生产工厂中发现，那些年轻的受教育程度更高的工人其实在生产效率上海不如那些条件并不这样有效的员工，尽管有教育的员工对工作上手更快。
The researchers, from the University of Mannheim, said their findings debunked the idea that older workers should be made redundant to boost productivity.
从曼海姆大学的研究人员表示，他们的发现证明了年长员工的工作效率其实更高。
They write: ‘In many countries, lower productivity among older workers is used as a motivation for early retirement policies.
他们说，“在世界上的很多国家，抱怨年老员工工作效率低下通常是劝道他们提前退休的理由。”
‘If this were true, the ageing populations in many developed countries would have negative effects on overall productivity. These results cast doubt on such beliefs.’
“如果我们的想法是正确的，那么在很多发达国家中的老龄人口将对于社会的整体创造力产生负面影响。但研究的结果却与这样的观点背道而驰。”
The researchers argue that in sectors where physical strength is less important than in manufacturing, such as in the service sector, it is likely that older workers are even more productive.
研究者们认为，体能再现在生产中所占的重要性正在降低，例如在服务业中，年长员工的工作效率更高。
The researchers also found that a higher proportion of women in the workforce is bad for productivity in young teams and good in old teams.
研究者们还发现，在年轻的团队中，女性所占比例过高将对效率产生反作用，但这样的情况在年长的团队中刚好相反。
They say women make fewer errors, but young male workers get distracted, and are likely to make more errors, if women are in the team.
他们表示，女性出错的几率更低，但却会使得年轻的男性员工分心，团队中若有女性的存在，会使得他们更容易出错。
这些地区的农业发展比较坎坷，重点讲了三个方面：
1由于技术的落后、人口压力巨大，导致了对土地的开垦非常激进，不给土地休养生息的机会，导致了水土流失。
2除此之外，土地盐化很严重，盐化的基本原理就是地下水来到地表后伴随着高温就蒸发了，导致水中的盐分留在地表，造成盐化。
3由于频繁灌溉导致淤泥量激增，影响了正常的灌溉，导致灌溉农业无法持续。
4. 讲的是bat的超声波，各种bat的不同的超声波
5. forest的扩张
6. diamond的地位发展，欧洲和印度的钻石贸易
7. 动物直接繁殖live thing，还有一个是下蛋然后孵化。
8. 土地盐渍化在某个地区的影响，不仅还有salt，还有mud，silt的影响。
9. 某种恐龙是predator还是scavenger
10. 文字演变，文字的发展史，各种不同文字的演变
1月12日托福听力考试真题答案
Conversation 对话
1. 一个教授开了新的工程史课程，可以提供给其他专业的学生，有同学问教授如果是其他专业的学生能不能听懂这门课。
2. 女生说车要从停车场挪到另一个停车场，因为要修剪树，然后要弄大的仪器进来，女生挪了之后就去别的地方，结果回来的时候发现她新的那个停车场也要修剪树木，然后需要挪，但是她出去了不知道，她的车就被贴了tickets，她就和这个男的说我怎么能知道什么时候能修好树啊又没通知什么的。
3. 寝室洗衣机坏了，学生在网上递交维修申请没回复，去找老师，老师帮忙打电话
4. 艺术史，跳舞雕塑
5. 女生感谢教师给她补考，老师谈自己教学方法。
6. 女士找教授的代理要推荐信，教授没有留下推荐信。
7. 学生想做住宿指导员，但有一些担忧。
Lecture 讲座
1. 一个画家画西部风景画满足大家的好奇心，所以很火，后来凉了。
2. 人类机智地预测动物的数量分布，利用ideal distribution model，举例了海豚、啮鼠、鱼。
3. 心理学，讲选择恐惧的影响
4. 关于technological determinism，新技术的发展，可以是任何东西，推动我们社会进化，and shape who we are，技术一旦存在，改变不可避免。
5. 儿童学会说话的两种理论：行为模仿及纠正;天生的;行为论的弊端。
6. 超现实主义
7. 地幔中含水量巨大的证明
托福历年真题题目及答案
Part V Direction : In this part of the test has incomplete sentences. Four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C) and (D) are given beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark on your answer sheet. 101. For several years now, we have seen a marked in attendance and exhibitions at the PCB design conferences. (A) increase (B) increased (C) increasing (D) TO increase 102. Make sure that transportation to and from the river is arranged to your . (A) satisfactory (B) satisfaction (C) satisfy (D) to satisfy 103. The imposing that will soon be Rand Corporation"s R&D center was renovated by the highly admired designer Haewook Lee. (A) structural (B) structure (C) structurally (D) in structural 104. Employees may receive 50% tuition reimbursement for job-related courses taken with a supervisor"s . (A) approves (B) approval (C) approve (D) to approve 105. Mr. Hui, a freelance writer here at ESS Newspapers, has impeccable for the position of senior editor. (A) qualified (B) qualifications (C) qualify (D) be qualified 106. Because of an illness is much cheaper than treatment, the local health clinic will be offering free flu vaccinations this weekend. (A) prevention (B) prevent (C) to prevent B) prevented 107. Legal experts have presented that the DNA samples and fingerprints match. (A) evident (B) evidence (C) evidently (D) to evident 108. Mach Corp. has a system that allows clients to manage to employees" files. (A) access (B) accessible (C) to accessible (D) accessibly 109. The average listener will not be able to notice any between audio CD and MP3 files. (A) differences (B) different (C) differently (D) of different 110. Without your , we cannot guarantee your room after 6 p.m. A) confirm B) confirming C) confirmation D) confirmative 111. of countries belonging to GATT approved the agreement yesterday in Geneva. A) Represents B) Representations C) Representatives D) Representing 112. Officials of the Sydney head of office will hold a conference to talk about goals for the next ten years. A) them B) their C) theirs D) they 113. As a customer service representative, Mrs. Lee tried to solve complaints from customers before asking for ______ supervisor"s advice. (A) she B) her C) hers D) herself 114 Mr. Alfred and I extend thanks to those that have helped this project in the past. (A) us (B) ours (C) our (D) ourselves 115. Pioneer Corp. is considering--------- the release of the new equipment scheduled for later this month. (A)postponing (B) postpone (C) to postpone (D) postponement 116. The company"s business plan includes ---------- revenue from magazine and event promotions designed to help recruiters find qualified applicants. (A) draw (B) drawing (C) to draw (D) drawer 117. This guideline is intended to -------- information about our databases and to provide a clear definition of how these database get updated and who has responsibilities (A) clarification (B) classified (C) cleared (D) clarify 118. As of July 7, basic monthly telephone service will increase by $1.50 due to the new federal telecommunication tax, -------- state-to-state long-distance rates will decrease an average of 10 percent. (A) otherwise (B) therefore (C) however (D) in addition to 119. He makes $20 an hour, has more work than he can handle. (A) and (B) than (C) so (D) but 120. Their products are known not only for their low price, __________ for their high quality. (A) but (B) but also (C) and also (D) as well as
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2017年托福考试报名建议
从目前的情况看，ETS在2017年全年首批一共放出了45场考试(不排除之后还会新增考位的情况)，
2017年托福考试
。对于每个同学来说，在这个时候制定适合自己的17年培训和考试计划以及提前进行托福考试报名都非常有必要。
在这里，我们分情况讨论：
新高一同学
如果你是入学新高一的小伙伴，并且之前已经利用16年的暑假进行了托福基础阶段的学习，现在正利用周末参加托福强化阶段的学习，比较建议17年的第一场考试放在1月7日。
在经过强化段的学习以后，你需要有一定的时间进行消化吸收，所以选择在结课以后适当加入一些一对一课程进行巩固是不错的选择。除了周末以外，圣诞节和元旦假期也是拿来做集中性考前巩固的好时机。同时今年大部分的高中期末考试时间在1月18-20日，1月7日的考试距离期末考试还有一定时间，不容易相互影响，
而你的寒假时间，如果不出意外的话，很有可能是要忙于学习SAT或者ACT的，所以第二次托福考试可能要往后推，比较建议的时间是在6月下旬或者7月上旬，这个时候上半年的SAT、ACT、学考或者国际高中体系的考试基本均告一个段落，可以专心准备托福冲刺。
国际高中的同学比较建议放在6月25日，国内高中体系的同学根据暑假放假时间，可以考虑安排在7月8日或者7月15日。同时，想多冲刺一次高分的同学，不妨考虑8月26日或者8月27日再多报一次托福考试。
如果你是新高一同学，并且在秋季周末刚刚开始托福基础段学习，同样建议你第一次考试可以考虑放在1月7日，作为基础段学习结束以后首场考试，体验一下托福真考的感觉。
同时，强烈建议你一鼓作气，利用寒假时间参加托福强化段的学习，然后报名2月18日的托福考试，作为强化段学习以后的检测。
2017年春季的`周末以及暑假的大部分时间，相信你会把很多的时间精力放在SAT以及ACT的学习上，所以第三场托福考试可以放在暑假尾声，8月26日或者8月27日，在8月下旬抽时间进行托福高分的冲刺。
新高二同学
对于新高二同学来说，如果你的整体托福学习进度还在基础段或者强化段的进度，可以参考新高一同学的报考建议。同时需要注意的是，对于高二同学而言，17年下半年已经开始进入申请季，提前批的截止时间一般常见于11月1日，所以用于提前批申请的最后一次托福考试的时间在9月下旬，10月中旬的考试算上出分以及送分时间，可能在时间上会比较紧张，建议提前安排。
新高三同学
如果你是新高三的同学，在16年下半年还没有获得满意的托福成绩，那啥都别说了，抓紧来子木吧!除了16年年末继续冲刺托福以外，针对部分2月份截止申请的学校，17年一共还有两场考试可以选择，分别是1月7日以及1月14日，同学们可以在两场里面选一场作为最后的冲刺。
How clean is the average backyard pool is? Find out on this Moment of Science.
Everybody loves the swimming pool. But how clean is the water in the average backyard or public pool? If you trust (1)chlorine to take care of germs, you’re in for a surprise.
Chlorine and other (2)disinfectants do indeed help to clean the water, but some germs can survive in even the best-kept pool. For example, (3)cryptosporidium may live in pool water for several days. Crypto causes a (4)diarrheal illness and may (5)rinse off the bodies of infected people or (6)diapered children into the pool. If you swallow infected pool water, you may become sick.
Other germs may live for a few minutes or a few hours in a chlorinated pool: Giardia(鞭毛虫), Shigella(志贺氏菌), and E. Coli(大肠杆菌) may cause diarrheal illnesses. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa(绿脓杆菌) may cause an ear infection called swimmer’s ear and also a skin infection called “hot tub rash(热浴池皮疹),” that is usually associated with very warm pools and spas.
While keeping the correct chlorine and ph levels will minimize (7)water-borne illness, prevention is also a good idea. Keep diapered children in the water for only brief periods and keep sick people out of the water altogether. And, don’t ever swallow pool water.
译文：
和细菌游泳
每个人都喜欢游泳池。但是在一般的后院和游泳池的水有多清洁呢?如果你相信氯可以制服细菌，那么接下来的就会让你惊奇。
氯和其它的消毒剂的确有助于清洁水，但是一些细菌在保护很好的水池里仍然可以存活。列如：隐孢子虫可能在池水中生活很多天。隐孢子虫能引起腹泻，并且会从进入泳池的被感染病人或者带尿布孩子的身上被冲刷下来。如果你吞下被感染的池水，也会生病。
其它的细菌可能在氯化池里生存几分钟或者几个小时：鞭毛虫，志贺氏菌，和大肠杆菌可能引起腹泻。绿脓杆菌可能引起游泳性耳炎的耳朵感染以及热浴池皮疹的皮肤感染。热浴池皮疹通常与非常温暖的水池和温泉有关。
尽管保持正确的氯和pH值能够减少通过水传播的疾病，可是预防也是一个好主意。保持仍带尿布的孩子在水中只停留短暂的时间，使病人远离水。并且永远不要吞下池水。
Notes:
(1)chlorine ["kl :ri:n] n.氯
(2)disinfectants n.消毒剂;消毒水;消毒乐
(3)cryptosporidium [,kript u"sp ridi m] n.隐孢子虫
(4)diarrheal [,dai "ri:ik] adj.腹泻的
An increase in diarrheal illness in New York City followed a massive power outage in .
纽约市大规模供电中断，造成了当地腹泻病症的大量增加。
(5)rinse [rins] vt.漱;冲洗掉;漂净 n.冲洗;漂洗;染发剂;染发 vi.冲洗掉;漂净
She rinsed her hands quickly before eating.
她吃东西以前很快洗了一下手。
(6)diaper ["dai p ] n.尿布 vt.给孩子换尿布
cloth diapered two kids and LOVED every minute of it.
我的两个小孩都使用尿布，而且非常喜欢。
(7)water-borne adj.水传播的;由水浮起的;水运的;饮水传染的
It tells the research and use of water-borne alkyd resin coatings and points out its prospects in vehicle and architecture fields.
醇酸树脂水性化的研究及在车辆建筑领域中的应用，指出水性醇酸树脂涂料的发展前景。
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